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| | | | World History timeline |
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| 1862 |
| | | Richard Burton, visiting Dahomey, provides reports of the kingdom's celebrated Amazons preparing for war | |
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| 1862 |
| | | Speke and Grant find the Ripon Falls, over which the headwater of the Nile flows from Lake Tanganyika | |
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| 1862 |
| | | George B. McClellan brings a Union army within a few miles of Richmond, but withdraws after the Seven Days Battle against Robert E. Lee | |
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| 1862 |
| | | Oxford mathematician Lewis Carroll tells 10-year-old Alice Liddell, on a boat trip, a story about her own adventures in Wonderland | |
|  | Page from Carroll's manuscript for Alice
British Library
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| 1862 |
| | | Swiss humanitarian Henri Dunant publishes A Memory of Solferino, proposing an international agency to cope with the battlefield casualties he has witnessed | |
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| 1862 |
| | | John McDouall Stuart reaches the north coast of Australia at Van Diemen's Gulf seven months after setting off from Adelaide | |
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| 1862 |
| | | The Homestead Act grants 160 acres in the west of the USA to any family farming them for five years | |
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| 1862 |
| | | Otto von Bismarck declares Blut und Eisen (blood and iron) to be the only policy by which Prussia can become strong | |
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| 1862 |
| | | Stonewall Jackson and Robert E. Lee defeat a Union army in the second battle of Bull Run or Manassas | |
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| 1862 |
| | | The Federal victory at Antietam comes at a cost of more than 22,000 casualties in a single day | |
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| 1862 |
| | | Lincoln declares in his Emancipation Proclamation that all slaves in any state opposing the Union government 'are and henceforward shall be free' | |
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| 1862 |
| | | Dostoevsky publishes Notes from the House of the Dead, a semi-autobiographical novel about life in a Siberian labour camp | |
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| 1862 |
| | | Unpublished American poet Emily Dickinson writes more than 300 poems within the year | |
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| 1862 |
| | | The bones of Robert O'Hara Burke and William John Wills are brought back to Melbourne after the heroic failure of their attempt to cross Australia | |
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| 1863 |
| | | It is discovered in the US that wood pulp can be used to make paper, and the Boston Weekly Journal is the first to use the new substance | |
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| 1863 |
| | | British officer Charles Gordon leads untrained auxiliaries against the Taiping rebels in China, becoming known as Chinese Gordon | |
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| 1863 |
| | | Samuel Clemens uses the pseudonym Mark Twain for the first time on an article in Virginia City's Territorial Enterprise | |
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| 1863 |
| | | British architect George Gilbert Scott designs a memorial for Prince Albert in Kensington Gardens | |
|  | Sculptural group, Albert Memorial
Fotofile CG
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| 1863 |
| | | Mobs of women destroy shops in Richmond, Virginia, in protest at food prices inflated by the war | |
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| 1863 |
| | | The French capture Mexico City and President Juarez flees to the north | |
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| 1863 |
| | | The three-day Battle of Gettysburg, inconclusive but more damaging to the Confederates, brings casualties on both sides of more than 50,000 | |
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| 1863 |
| | | After a six-week siege the city of Vicksburg surrenders to Ulysses S. Grant, bringing the entire Mississippi under Union control | |
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| 1863 |
| | | Four days of riots in New York greet Lincoln's new conscription or draft laws, with exemptions for the rich | |
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| 1863 |
| | | France establishes a protectorate over Cambodia | |
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| 1863 |
| | | English author Charles Kingsley publishes an improving fantasy for young children, The Water-Babies | |
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| 1863 |
| | | Henri Dunant and others establish the Red Cross in Geneva, as a direct result of the battlefield casualties Dunant has witnessed at Solferino in 1859 | |
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| 1863 |
| | | The Seventh-day Adventists become an organized church, with a first General Conference in Battle Creek, Michigan | |
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| 1863 |
| | | St Mary's hospital opens in Rochester, Minnesota, soon to be known as the Mayo Clinic from the three Drs Mayo who run it | |
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| 1863 |
| | | President Lincoln, in honouring the Union dead at Gettysburg, captures in three minutes the essence of American democracy | |
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| 1863 |
| | | The Metropolitan Railway, the world's first to go underground, opens in London using steam trains between Paddington and Farringdon Street | |
|  | Underground station at Baker Street, c.1865
Guildhall Library
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| 1863 |
| | | 48-year-old Julia Margaret Cameron is given a camera by her daughter, in the Isle of Wight, and decides to concentrate on portraits | |
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| 1864 |
| | | The Marylebone Cricket Club, arbiter of cricket, finally rules that overarm bowling is legitimate | |
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| 1864 |
| | | Ulysses S. Grant and William Tecumseh Sherman become Lincoln's two leading generals in the final thrust of the Civil War | |
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| 1864 |
| | | Prussia and Austria combine forces to seize Schleswig-Holstein, but soon fall out | |
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| 1864 |
| | | The island of Corfu is ceded by Britain to the kingdom of Greece | |
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| 1864 |
| | | Grant moves south in a hard-fought campaign to pin down Lee's Confederate army at Petersburg, near Richmond | |
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| 1864 |
| | | The French arrange for the coronation of the Austrian archduke Maximilian as emperor of Mexico | |
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| 1864 |
| | | The First International is established in London, with Karl Marx soon emerging as the association's leader | |
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| c. 1864 |
| | | Scottish physicist James Clerk Maxwell presents to the Royal Society his discoveries in the field of electromagnetics, now known collectively as Maxwell's Equations | |
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| 1864 |
| | | The first Geneva Convention establishes standards for the treatment of the wounded in war | |
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| 1864 |
| | | The Federal government confiscates the Arlington estate of Confederate general Robert E. Lee and turns it into a war cemetery | |
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| 1864 |
| | | Imperial Chinese troops and Gordon's auxiliaries take Nanjing, the rebel capital, finally bringing to an end the Taiping rebellion | |
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| 1864 |
| | | Pope Pius IX includes socialism, civil marriage and secular education among eighty modern errors listed in his Syllabus | |
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| 1864 |
| | | William Tecumseh Sherman captures Atlanta, the first important southern city to fall into Union hands | |
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| 1864 |
| | | Dostoevsky publishes Notes from Underground, the bitter memories of a retired civil servant that is often described as the first existentialist novel | |
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| 1864 |
| | | President Lincoln is re-elected for a second term, thanks largely to recent Union successes on the Civil War battlefields | |
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| 1864 |
| | | William T. Sherman reaches the coast and captures Savannah, after his violently destructive 'march to the sea' | |
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| 1865 |
| | | Gregor Mendel reads a paper to the Natural History Society in Brno describing his discoveries in the field of genetics | |
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| 1865 |
| | | The Confederate government abandons Richmond, and Lee begins a retreat to the west | |
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| 1865 |
| | | Lincoln visits the Confederate capital at Richmond and is greeted by a jubilant crowd of freed slaves | |
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| 1865 |
| | | Lee surrenders to Grant at the Appomattox Court House, and is offered conciliatory terms | |
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| 1865 |
| | | English surgeon Joseph Lister introduces the era of antiseptic surgery, with the use of carbolic acid in the operating theatre | |
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| 1865 |
| | | Samuel Clemens, writing under the pseudonym Mark Twain, has immediate success with The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County | |
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| 1865 |
| | | On a visit to a Washington theatre, Lincoln is assassinated in his box by John Wilkes Booth | |
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| 1865 |
| | | Vice-president Andrew Johnson, a Democrat, becomes president on the death of Republican Abraham Lincoln | |
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| 1865 |
| | | Lewis Carroll publishes Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, a development of the story he had told Alice Liddell three years earlier | |
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| 1865 |
| | | Richard Wagner's opera Tristan and Isolde has its premiere in the Munich court theatre | |
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| 1865 |
| | | The Paraguayan dictator Francisco Solano López starts a war against Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay which eventually kills more than half his population | |
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| 1865 |
| | | The southern states pass new Black Codes, designed to limit the freedom granted to African-Americans by the victorious north | |
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| 1865 |
| | | A committee to campaign for women's suffrage is formed in Manchester, the first of many in Britain | |
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| 1865 |
| | | Leo Tolstoy publishes the first volume of his epic novel War and Peace, following the lives of several aristocratic families during the Napoleonic wars | |
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| 1865 |
| | | Palmerston dies in office, and is succeeded as leader of the Liberal government in Britain by his foreign secretary, Earl Russell | |
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| c. 1865 |
| | | The Plains Indians are threatened by settlers pressing west, building railways and slaughtering buffalo | |
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| 1865 |
| | | The Thirteenth Amendment to the US Constitution prohibits slavery or any 'involuntary servitude' in the USA | |
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